OBV takes difference between old close and new close and multiplies by volume without considering high and low. This assigns the entire volume into a single direction even tho movement could've been in both.
Accum/dist takes difference between close and high and low without considering previous close or open. This causes huge deviation from OBV when you have close or open far from high or low and price moving in the other direction like in a series of descending hammers.
This is attempt to combine both so relative motion between candles is detected and volume direction is assigned based relative to movement within a candle to account for volume in both directions.
+ and - depends if close is above previous close (+ if above, - if below)
Maximum upward volume counts if close = high and previous close = low, this makes multiplier 1 and thus entire volume is counted upwards
Maximum downward volume counts if close = low and previous close = high, this makes multiplier -1 and thus entire volume is counted downwards.
Zero volume movement occurs when close = previous close.
Half upward volume movement occurs if close-previous_close is half the range from high-low.
the manipulation can be check with this.
Compare with original OBV to see the divergen
Thx space